Ukuphucula uLawulo lwe-Impedans kwi-Flex Rigid-Flex PCB: Izinto ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo

Kushishino lwe-elektroniki olukhuphisanayo lwanamhlanje, kukho imfuneko ekhulayo yeebhodi zesekethe ezivelisa izinto ezintsha nezisebenzayo (PCBs). Njengoko ishishini likhula, kunjalo ke imfuneko yeePCB ezinokumelana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo kwaye zihlangabezane neemfuno zezixhobo zombane ezintsonkothileyo. Apha kulapho ingqikelelo ye-PCB ye-flex rigid-flex ingena khona.

Iibhodi ze-Rigid-flex zinika indibaniselwano ekhethekileyo yezinto eziqinileyo kunye neziguquguqukayo, ezenza zibe zilungele izicelo ezifuna ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka. Ezi bhodi ziqhele ukufunyanwa kwizixhobo zonyango, iinkqubo ze-aerospace, kunye nezinye izicelo ezithembeke kakhulu.

Ulawulo lwe-Impedans luyinkalo ephambili echaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kweebhodi ze-rigid-flex. I-Impedance kukuxhathisa isiphaluka esibonelela ngokuhamba kwe-alternating current (AC). Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwe-impedance lubalulekile njengoko luqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwesignali ethembekileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla.

Kule bhlog, iCapel iya kuphonononga izinto ezintlanu ezinokuchaphazela kakhulu ukulawulwa kwe-impedance yeebhodi ezilukhuni-flex. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile kubayili be-PCB kunye nabavelisi ukuhambisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezihlangabezana neemfuno zehlabathi lanamhlanje eliqhutywa bubuchwephesha.

1. Ii-substrates ezahlukeneyo ziya kuchaphazela ixabiso le-impedance:

Kwi-Flex Rigid-Flex PCB, umahluko kwizinto ezisisiseko unempembelelo kwixabiso le-impedance. Kwiibhodi eziguquguqukayo, i-substrate eguquguqukayo kunye ne-substrate eqinile idla ngokuba ne-dielectric constants eyahlukeneyo kunye ne-conductivity, eya kubangela iingxaki zokungahambi kakuhle kwe-impedance kwi-interface phakathi kwee-substrates ezimbini.

Ngokukodwa, ii-substrates eziguquguqukayo zine-dielectric eqhubekayo kunye ne-conductivity ephantsi yombane, ngelixa ii-substrates ezinzima zine-dielectric ephantsi kunye ne-conductivity ephezulu yombane. Xa umqondiso usasaza kwibhodi yesekethe engqongqo-flex, kuya kubakho ukubonakalisa kunye nokuhanjiswa kwi-interface ye-substrate ye-pcb eguquguqukayo. Ezi zinto zibonakaliswayo kunye nokuhanjiswa kweziganeko kubangela ukuba i-impedance yesiginali itshintshe, oko kukuthi, ukungahambelani kwe-impedance.

Ukuze ulawule ngcono i-impedance ye-flex-rigid pcb, ezi ndlela zilandelayo zingamkelwa:

Ukhetho lweSubstrate:khetha indibaniselwano ye-rigid flex circuit circuit substrates ukwenzela ukuba i-dielectric constant kunye ne-conductivity isondele ngokusemandleni ukunciphisa ingxaki ye-impedance mismatch;

Unyango lwesijongano:unyango olukhethekileyo ujongano phakathi pcb rigid flex substrates, ezifana usebenzisa umaleko ujongano olukhethekileyo okanye ifilim elaminethiweyo, ukuphucula impedance matching ukuya kumlinganiselo othile;

Ucofa ulawulo:Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-pcb eguquguqukayo engqongqo, iiparamitha ezinje ngeqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nexesha zilawulwa ngokungqongqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubotshwa kakuhle kwee-substrates zebhodi yesekethe engqongqo kunye nokunciphisa utshintsho lwe-impedance;

Ukulinganisa kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo:Ngokulinganisa kunye nohlalutyo losasazo lomqondiso kwi-pcb eguquguqukayo eqinile, fumana ingxaki ye-impedance mismatch, kwaye wenze uhlengahlengiso oluhambelanayo kunye nokulungiswa.

2. Isithuba sobubanzi bomgca yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ulawulo lwe-impedance:

Kwibhodi ye-rigid-flex, isithuba sobubanzi bomgca yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ulawulo lwe-impedance. Ububanzi bomgca (okt ububanzi bocingo) kunye nesithuba somgca (okt umgama phakathi kweengcingo ezikufutshane) misela ijometri yendlela yangoku, ethi ichaphazele iimpawu zothumelo kunye nexabiso lokuphazamiseka komqondiso.

Oku kulandelayo yimpembelelo yesithuba sobubanzi bomgca kulawulo lwe-impedance yebhodi ye-rigid-flex:

Uthintelo olusisiseko:Izithuba phakathi kwemigca zibalulekile ekulawuleni uthintelo olusisiseko (okt, uphawu lothintelo lwemigca emincinci, iintambo ezikoaxial, njl. njl.). Ngokwenkcazo-bungcali yomgca wothumelo, izinto ezifana nobubanzi bomgca, isithuba somgca, kunye nobukhulu be-substrate ngokudibeneyo zimisela i-impedance yeempawu zomgca wothumelo. Xa ukutshintshwa kwesithuba sobubanzi bomgca, kuya kukhokelela kutshintsho kwi-impedance yeempawu, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela umphumo wokuhambisa umqondiso.

Ungqinelwano lwe-impedance:Ukulinganisa i-impedance kudla ngokufuneka kwiibhodi ezilukhuni-flex ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kweempawu ezingcono kwisekethe. I-impedance ehambelanayo idla ngokufuna ukulungisa isithuba sobubanzi bomgca ukuze kuphunyezwe. Ngokomzekelo, kumgca we-microstrip, i-impedance yeempawu zomgca wokuhambisa unokuhambelana nokuphazamiseka okufunwa yinkqubo ngokulungelelanisa ububanzi babaqhubi kunye nesithuba phakathi kwabaqhubi abasondeleyo.

Crosstalk kunye nelahleko:Izithuba zomgca zinempembelelo ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwe-crosstalk kunye nelahleko. Xa isithuba sobubanzi bomgca sincinci, isiphumo sokudibanisa intsimi yombane phakathi kweengcingo ezikufutshane siyaphuculwa, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekwandeni kwe-crosstalk. Ukongeza, ububanzi becingo elincinci kunye nezithuba ezinkulu zeengcingo kubangela ukusabalalisa kwangoku okugxininisekileyo, ukwandisa ukuxhathisa kwecingo kunye nokulahlekelwa.

3. Ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo kwakhona yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ulawulo lwe-impedance yebhodi e-rigid-flex:

Ukwahluka kobuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-impedance yeempawu zomgca wothumelo.

Oku kulandelayo sisiphumo sobukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo kulawulo lwe-impedance yeebhodi eziqinileyo-flex:

Uthintelo lophawu lwentambo yothumelo:Uphawu lokuthintela umgca wothumelo lubhekiselele kubudlelwane obulinganayo phakathi kwangoku kunye nombane kumgca wothumelo kwi-frequency ethile. Kwibhodi ye-rigid-flex, ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo buya kuchaphazela ixabiso le-impedance yeempawu zomgca wokuhambisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo buba buncinci, i-impedance yempawu iya kwanda; kwaye xa ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo buba bukhulu, i-impedance yempawu iya kuncipha. Ke ngoko, xa uyila ibhodi engqongqo-eguqukayo, kuyafuneka ukuba ukhethe ubukhulu bezinto ezifanelekileyo ukufezekisa i-impedance yeempawu ezifunekayo ngokweemfuno zenkqubo kunye neempawu zokuhambisa umqondiso.

Ireyishini yomgca ukuya kwiSithuba:Ukwahluka kobunzima bezinto eziphathekayo kuya kuchaphazela umlinganiselo we-line-to-space. Ngokwethiyori yomgca wothumelo, i-impedance yeempawu ilingana nomlinganiselo wobubanzi bomgca kwindawo. Xa ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo buguquka, ukwenzela ukuba kugcinwe ukuzinza kwe-impedance yeempawu, kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa umlinganiselo wobubanzi bomgca kunye nesithuba somgca ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ubukhulu bezinto eziphathekayo buncitshisiwe, ukwenzela ukuba kugcinwe i-impedance yempawu rhoqo, ububanzi bomgca kufuneka buncitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye isithuba somgca kufuneka sincitshiswe ngokuhambelanayo ukuze kugcinwe ububanzi bomgca ukuya kwindawo engatshintshiyo.

4. Ukunyamezela kobhedu lwe-electroplated kwakhona yinto echaphazela ulawulo lwe-impedance yebhodi eqinile eguquguqukayo:

I-Electroplated copper yinto esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiibhodi eziguquguqukayo, kwaye utshintsho kubukhulu bayo kunye nokunyamezela kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-impedance yebhodi.

Oku kulandelayo yimpembelelo yokunyamezela ubhedu lwe-electroplating kulawulo lwe-impedance yeebhodi eziguquguqukayo eziqinileyo:

Ukunyamezela ukutyeba kobhedu olwenziwa ngombane:Ubunzima bobhedu be-electroplated ngenye yezinto eziphambili ezichaphazela i-impedance yebhodi e-rigid-flex. Ukuba ukunyamezelwa kobunzima bobhedu be-electroplated bukhulu kakhulu, ubukhulu bomgca we-conductive kwi-plate buya kutshintsha, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela i-impedance yempawu yepleyiti. Ke ngoko, xa kusenziwa iibhodi eziqinileyo eziguquguqukayo, kuyafuneka ukuba ulawule ngokungqongqo ukunyamezelwa kobunzima bobhedu obufakwe kwi-electroplated ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kweempawu zokuphazamiseka.

Ukufana kobhedu lwe-electroplating:Ukongeza kokunyamezelwa kobunzima, ukufana kobhedu be-electroplating nako kuchaphazela ulawulo lwe-impedance yeebhodi eziqinileyo. Ukuba kukho ukusabalalisa okungalinganiyo komgangatho wobhedu owenziwe nge-electroplated ebhodini, okubangela ukutyeba okuhlukeneyo kobhedu olufakwe kwi-electroplated kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zebhodi, i-impedance yeempawu nayo iya kutshintsha. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukufana kobhedu lwe-electroplated ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kweempawu zokuphazamiseka xa kusenziwa iibhodi ezithambileyo neziqinileyo.

5. Ukunyamezela kwe-etching kukwayinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ulawulo lwe-impedance yeebhodi eziguquguqukayo:

Ukunyamezelana kwe-Etching kubhekiselele ekutenxeni kobunzima bepleyiti enokulawulwa xa i-etching iqhutyelwa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iibhodi eziguquguqukayo eziqinileyo.

Oku kulandelayo yimiphumo yokufaka ukunyamezela kulawulo lwe-impedance yeebhodi eziguquguqukayo eziqinileyo:

Ukulinganisa i-impedance yebhodi e-rigid-flex: Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ibhodi e-rigid-flex, i-etching idla ngokusetyenziswa ukulawula ixabiso le-impedance yeempawu. Ngokusebenzisa i-etching, ububanzi be-conductive layer bunokutshintshwa ukuze kuphunyezwe ixabiso le-impedance elifunwa yi-design. Noko ke, ngexesha lenkqubo etching, ekubeni isantya etching isisombululo etching kwipleyiti inokuba nonyamezelo ethile, kusenokubakho ukutenxa kububanzi umaleko conductive emva etching, nto leyo echaphazela ulawulo oluchanekileyo i impedance uphawu.

Ukuhambelana kwi-impedance yophawu:Ukunyamezelwa kwe-etching kunokukhokelela kumahluko kubunzima bomaleko we-conductive kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo, okukhokelela kwi-impedance yeempawu ezingahambelaniyo. Ukungahambelani kwe-impedance yeempawu kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kokuhanjiswa komqondiso, obaluleke kakhulu kunxibelelwano olukhawulezayo okanye kwizicelo eziphezulu.
Ulawulo lwe-impedance luyinkalo ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwe-Flex Rigid-Flex PCB kunye nokwenziwa.Ukufezekisa amaxabiso e-impedance achanekileyo kunye nokungaguquguqukiyo kubalulekile kukuhanjiswa komqondiso okuthembekileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kwezixhobo zombane.Ke ngokunika ingqwalaselo ethe kratya ekukhetheni i-substrate, umkhondo wejometri, ubukhulu be-dielectric elawulwayo, ukunyamezelwa kwe-copper plating, kunye nokunyamezelana kwe-etch, abaqulunqi bePCB kunye nabavelisi banokuzisa ngempumelelo iibhodi eziqinileyo, ezikumgangatho ophezulu oqinileyo ohlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zeshishini. Iminyaka eyi-15 yokwabelana ngamava oshishino, ndiyathemba ukuba iCapel inokukuzisela uncedo oluluncedo. Ngeminye imibuzo yebhodi yesekethe, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngokuthe ngqo, iqela leengcali zebhodi yesekethe yeCapel liya kukuphendula kwi-intanethi.