Iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo eziqinileyo (PCBs) zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo kunye nokuqina kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki. Ezi bhodi ziyaziwa ngokukwazi ukumelana nokugoba kunye noxinzelelo lwe-torsional ngelixa zigcina uqhagamshelo oluthembekileyo lombane.Eli nqaku liza kujonga nzulu kwizinto ezisetyenziswa kwii-PCB eziguquguqukayo ukuze ufumane ukuqonda malunga nokwakheka kunye neempawu zazo. Ngokutyhila izinto ezenza ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo zibe sisisombululo esomeleleyo nesiguquguqukayo, sinokuqonda ukuba zinegalelo njani ekuphuhliseni izixhobo zombane.
1. Qonda iubume PCB eqinile-flex:
I-PCB eqinile-eguquguqukayo yibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo edibanisa i-substrates eqinile kwaye eguquguqukayo ukwenza isakhiwo esisodwa. Le ndibaniselwano yenza ukuba iibhodi zeesekethe zibonise ukujikeleza kwe-three-dimensional, ukubonelela ngokuguquguquka koyilo kunye nokulungiswa kwendawo yezixhobo zombane. Ulwakhiwo lweebhodi eziguquguqukayo ze-rigid-flex ziqukethe iileya ezintathu eziphambili. Uluhlu lokuqala luluhlu oluqinileyo, olwenziwe ngezinto eziqinileyo ezifana ne-FR4 okanye i-core metal. Olu luhlu lubonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo kunye nokuzinza kwi-PCB, iqinisekisa ukuhlala kwayo kunye nokuchasana noxinzelelo lomatshini.
Uluhlu lwesibini luluhlu oluguquguqukayo olwenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-polyimide (PI), i-polymer ye-liquid crystal (LCP) okanye i-polyester (i-PET). Lo maleko uvumela iPCB ukuba igobe, ijije kwaye igobe ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwayo kombane. Ukuguquguquka kolu maleko kubalulekile kwizicelo ezifuna ukuba iPCB ingene kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezixineneyo. Uluhlu lwesithathu luluhlu olunamathelisa, oludibanisa iileya eziqinileyo kunye neziguquguqukayo kunye. Lo maleko udla ngokwenziwa ngezinto ze-epoxy okanye ze-acrylic, ezikhethelwe ukukwazi ukubonelela ngeqhina eliqinileyo phakathi kwamaleya ngelixa likwabonelela ngeempawu ezilungileyo zokugquma umbane. I-adhesive layer idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kunye nobomi benkonzo yeebhodi eziqinileyo-flex.
Umaleko ngamnye kwisakhiwo sePCB esiqinileyo sikhethwe ngononophelo kwaye siyilelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokwenziwa komatshini kunye nombane. Oku kwenza ukuba iiPCB zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka kubathengi be-elektroniki ukuya kwizixhobo zonyango kunye neenkqubo ze-aerospace.
2. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiileya eziqinileyo:
Kulwakhiwo oluqinileyo lwe-PCBs eguquguqukayo, izixhobo ezininzi zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo esiyimfuneko kunye nokuthembeka. Ezi zixhobo zikhethwe ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zabo ezithile kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Ezinye zezona zixhobo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiileya eziqinileyo kwiiPCB eziguquguqukayo zibandakanya:
A. FR4: FR4 yimathiriyeli eqinileyo yomaleko esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiPCB. I-epoxy laminate eqiniswe ngeglasi kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo ze-thermal kunye nezomatshini. I-FR4 inokuqina okuphezulu, ukufunxa kwamanzi aphantsi kunye nokuchasana kakuhle kweekhemikhali. Ezi zakhiwo ziyenza ilunge njengomaleko ongqongqo njengoko ibonelela ngokuthembeka kolwakhiwo olugqwesileyo kunye nozinzo kwi-PCB.
B. I-Polyimide (PI): I-Polyimide yinto eguquguqukayo ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ehlala isetyenziselwa kwiibhodi eziqinileyo ze-flex ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. I-Polyimide yaziwa ngeempawu zayo zokugquma umbane ezigqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza koomatshini, iyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa njengomaleko owomeleleyo kwiiPCB. Igcina iimpawu zayo zoomatshini kunye nombane nangona ibonakaliswe kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, okwenza ukuba ilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.
C. I-Metal Core: Kwezinye iimeko, xa kufuneka ulawulo lwe-thermal olugqwesileyo, izinto ezingundoqo zetsimbi ezifana ne-aluminium okanye ubhedu zingasetyenziselwa njengoluhlu oluqinileyo kwi-PCB e-rigid-flex. Ezi zixhobo zine-conductivity egqwesileyo ye-thermal kwaye zinokukhupha ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu obuveliswa ziisekethe. Ngokusebenzisa i-core metal, iibhodi eziqinileyo-ezinobunzima zingakwazi ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukushisa kunye nokukhusela ukushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesekethe kunye nokusebenza.
Nganye kwezi zinto zineengenelo zayo kwaye ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zoyilo lwePCB. Izinto ezifana nobushushu bokusebenza, uxinzelelo kumatshini kunye nezakhono zolawulo ezifunekayo zobushushu zonke zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni izinto ezifanelekileyo zokudibanisa iileya eziqinileyo neziguquguqukayo zePCB.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwiileya eziqinileyo kwii-PCB eziguquguqukayo ziyinkalo ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yoyilo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo, ulawulo lwe-thermal kunye nokuthembeka okupheleleyo kwe-PCB. Ngokukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, abaqulunqi banokwenza iiPCB eziguquguqukayo ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya izithuthi, i-aerospace, ezonyango, kunye nonxibelelwano.
3. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kumaleko oguquguqukayo:
Iileya eziguquguqukayo kwiiPCB eziguquguqukayo ziququzelela ukugoba kunye neempawu ezisongayo zezi bhodi. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa i-flexible layer kufuneka zibonise ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, ukuqina kunye nokuchasana nokugoba ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa iileya eziguquguqukayo ziquka:
A. I-Polyimide (PI): Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, i-polyimide yinto eguquguqukayo eyenza iinjongo ezimbini kwii-PCB eziguquguqukayo. Kwi-flex layer, ivumela ibhodi ukuba igobe kwaye igobe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iimpawu zayo zombane.
B. I-Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP): I-LCP yinto ephezulu yokusebenza kwe-thermoplastic eyaziwayo ngeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo kunye nokuchasana nokushisa okukhulu. Ibonelela ngokuguquguquka okugqwesileyo, uzinzo lwe-dimensional kunye nokumelana nokufuma kuyilo lwePCB elukhuni.
C. I-Polyester (PET): I-polyester yindleko ephantsi, i-lightweight material kunye nokuguquguquka okulungileyo kunye neempawu zokukhusela. Iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo eziguquguqukayo apho ukusebenza kweendleko kunye nesakhono sokugoba esiphakathi sibalulekile.
D. I-Polyimide (PI): I-Polyimide yinto esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiileya eziguquguqukayo ze-PCB eziguquguqukayo. Inokuguquguquka okugqwesileyo, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye neempawu ezilungileyo zokugquma umbane. Ifilimu yePolyimide inokulanywa ngokulula, ifakwe kwaye ibotshelelwe kwezinye iileya zePCB. Bangakwazi ukumelana nokugoba ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iimpawu zabo zombane, ezibenza zibe zilungele iileya eziguquguqukayo.
E. I-Liquid crystal polymer (LCP): I-LCP yinto ephezulu yokusebenza kwe-thermoplastic esetyenziswa ngokunyukayo njenge-flexible layer in rigid-flex PCBs. Ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini, kubandakanya ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, ukuzinza komda kunye nokuchasana okugqwesileyo kubushushu obugqithisileyo. Iifilimu ze-LCP zine-hygroscopicity ephantsi kwaye zifanelekile usetyenziso kwiindawo ezifumileyo. Kwakhona banokumelana neekhemikhali ezilungileyo kunye ne-dielectric ephantsi rhoqo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima.
F. I-Polyester (i-PET): I-Polyester, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), yinto elula kunye nexabiso eliphantsi elisetyenziswa kwii-flexible layers ze-PCB eziguquguqukayo. Ifilimu ye-PET inokuguquguquka okuhle, ukomelela okuphezulu kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal. Ezi filimu zinokufunxa ukufuma okuphantsi kwaye zineempawu ezilungileyo zokugquma umbane. I-PET isoloko ikhethwa xa ukusebenza kweendleko kunye nokukwazi ukugoba zizinto eziphambili kuyilo lwePCB.
I-G. Polyetherimide (PEI): I-PEI yi-thermoplastic yobunjineli esebenza kakhulu esetyenziselwa i-flexible layer of soft-hard bonded PCBs. Ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini, kubandakanya ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, ukuzinza komda kunye nokuchasana nobushushu obugqithisileyo. Ifilimu ye-PEI inokufunxeka okuphantsi kokufuma kunye nokuchasana kakuhle kweekhemikhali. Bakwanawo amandla aphezulu e-dielectric kunye nezakhiwo zombane ezikhuselayo, ezibenza bafanelekele izicelo eziyimfuneko.
I-H. I-Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN): I-PEN yinto ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu kwaye iguquguqukayo esetyenziselwa i-flexible layer of rigid-flex PCBs. Inozinzo oluhle lwe-thermal, ukufunxa ukufuma okuphantsi kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini. Iifilimu ze-PEN zixhathisa kakhulu kwimitha ye-UV kunye neekhemikhali. Bakwane-dielectric ephantsi engaguqukiyo kunye neempawu ezigqwesileyo zokugquma umbane. Ifilimu yePEN inokumelana nokugotywa nokugotywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela iimpawu zayo zombane.
I. I-Polydimethylsiloxane (i-PDMS): I-PDMS yinto eguquguqukayo ye-elastic esetyenziselwa i-flexible layer ye-PCBs ethambileyo kwaye enzima edibeneyo. Ineempawu ezibalaseleyo zoomatshini, kubandakanya ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, ukuqina kunye nokuchasana nokugoba ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Iifilimu zePDMS zikwanazo nokuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal kunye neempawu zokugquma umbane. I-PDMS iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna izinto ezithambileyo, ezinwebekayo nezikhululekileyo, ezinje ngombane onxitywayo kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
Nganye kwezi zinto zineengenelo zayo, kwaye ukhetho lwezixhobo flex umaleko kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile yoyilo PCB. Izinto ezinjengokuguquguquka, ukumelana nobushushu, ukuxhathisa ukufuma, ukuphumelela kweendleko kunye nokukwazi ukugoba kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseni izinto ezifanelekileyo kwi-flexible layer kwi-PCB eqinile-flex. Ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kwezi zinto kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwePCB, ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye namashishini.
4. Izinto ezincamathelayo kwiiPCB eziguquguqukayo:
Ukuze ubophelele umaleko engqongqo kunye bhetyebhetye kunye, izinto ezincamathelayo zisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo olungqongqo-flex PCB. Ezi zixhobo zokudibanisa ziqinisekisa uxhulumaniso oluthembekileyo lombane phakathi kweengqimba kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso efunekayo yomatshini. Izixhobo ezimbini ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zezi:
A. I-Epoxy Resin: I-epoxy resin-based adhesives isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yamandla abo aphezulu kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zokugquma umbane. Banikezela ukuzinza okuhle kwe-thermal kunye nokuphucula ukuqina ngokubanzi kwebhodi yesekethe.
b. I-Acrylic: Ii-adhesives ezisekelwe kwi-Acrylic zikhethwa kwizicelo apho ukuguquguquka kunye nokumelana nomswakama kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezi zincamathelisi zinamandla okudibanisa kunye namaxesha amafutshane okuphilisa kuneepoxies.
C. I-Silicone: I-adhesives esekelwe kwi-silicone isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiibhodi eziqinileyo eziguquguqukayo ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo, ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal, kunye nokuchasana nomswakama kunye neekhemikhali. I-adhesives ye-silicone inokumelana nomgangatho obanzi wokushisa, okwenza ukuba zilungele izicelo ezifuna zombini ukuguquguquka kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Banikezela ngokubambisana okusebenzayo phakathi kweengqimba eziqinileyo kunye neziguquguqukayo ngelixa zigcina iimpawu zombane ezifunekayo.
D. I-Polyurethane: I-polyurethane adhesives inika ibhalansi yokuguquguquka kunye namandla okudibanisa kwii-PCB eziguquguqukayo. Banokubambelela kakuhle kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-substrates kwaye banikezela ukuchasana okugqwesileyo kwiikhemikhali kunye nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa. Izinto zokuncamathelisa zePolyurethane zikwafunxa ukungcangcazela kwaye zibonelela ngozinzo lomatshini kwiPCB. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa izicelo ezifuna ukuguquguquka kunye nokomelela.
E. Intlaka Enyangekayo yeUV: Intlaka enyangekayo yiUV yinto encamathelayo ephilisa ngokukhawuleza xa ibekwe kukukhanya kweultraviolet (UV). Banikezela ngokukhawuleza ukudibanisa kunye namaxesha okuphilisa, okwenza ukuba bafanelekele ukuveliswa kwevolumu ephezulu. I-resin ezinyangekayo ze-UV zibonelela ngokugqwesa ukunamathela kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nee-substrates eziqinileyo kunye neziguquguqukayo. Zikwabonisa ukumelana neekhemikhali ezigqwesileyo kunye neempawu zombane. I-resin ezinyangekayo ze-UV ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo, apho amaxesha okusebenza okukhawulezayo kunye nokudibanisa okuthembekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
F. I-Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA): I-PSA yinto yokubambelela eyenza ibhondi xa uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa. Babonelela ngesisombululo esilula, esilula sokudibanisa ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo. I-PSA ibonelela ngokubambelela kakuhle kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa i-substrates eqinile kunye ne-flexible. Bavumela ukubekwa kwakhona ngexesha lendibano kwaye inokususwa ngokulula xa kuyimfuneko. I-PSA ikwabonelela ngokuguquguquka okugqwesileyo kunye nokungaguquguquki, iyenza ilungele usetyenziso olufuna ukugoba kunye nokugoba kwePCB.
Isiphelo:
I-Rigid-flex PCBs ziyinxalenye yezixhobo zombane zanamhlanje, ezivumela uyilo oluntsonkothileyo lwesekethe kwiipakethe ezihlangeneyo neziguquguqukayo. Kwiinjineli kunye nabaqulunqi abajolise ekwandiseni ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso zombane, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinto ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo lwabo. Eli nqaku lijolise kwizinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kulwakhiwo lwe-PCB elukhuni, ebandakanya iileya eziqinileyo neziguquguqukayo kunye nezinto ezincamathelayo. Ngokuqwalasela izinto ezinjengokuqina, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nobushushu kunye neendleko, abavelisi be-elektroniki banokukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zabo zesicelo. Nokuba yiFR4 yeeleya eziqinileyo, i-polyimide yeeleya eziguquguqukayo, okanye i-epoxy yokudibanisa, imathiriyeli nganye idlala indima ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kwee-PCB eziguquguqukayo kwishishini lanamhlanje le-elektroniki lidlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-16-2023
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