Ukwenziwa kwePCBA yinkqubo ebalulekileyo nentsonkothileyo ebandakanya ukudibanisa amacandelo ahlukeneyo kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (PCB). Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa kunokubakho imiba enamacandelo athile okanye i-solder joints sticking, enokuthi ikhokelele kwimiba enokubakho njenge-solder engafanelekanga, amacandelo awonakele okanye imiba yoxhumo lombane. Ukuqonda izizathu ezibangela le nto kunye nokufumana izisombululo ezisebenzayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kwemveliso yokugqibela.Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlolisisa izizathu zokuba kutheni la macandelo okanye i-solder joints inamathela ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-PCBA kwaye inike izisombululo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo zokusombulula le ngxaki. Ngokuphumeza izisombululo ezicetyiswayo, abavelisi banokuyoyisa le ngxaki kwaye bafezekise indibano yePCB eyimpumelelo kunye ne-solder ephuculweyo, amacandelo akhuselweyo, kunye noqhagamshelo lombane oluzinzileyo.
1: Ukuqonda into eyenzekayo kwi-PCB Assembly Manufacturing:
Inkcazelo yePCBA Manufacturing:
Ukwenziwa kwe-PCBA kubhekiselele kwinkqubo yokudibanisa amacandelo awohlukeneyo e-elektroniki kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (PCB) ukwenza izixhobo zombane ezisebenzayo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukubeka amacandelo kwi-PCB kunye nokuwathengisa endaweni.
Ukubaluleka kweNdibano yeCandelo elifanelekileyo:
Ukuhlanganiswa okufanelekileyo kwamacandelo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuthembekileyo kwezixhobo zombane. Iqinisekisa ukuba amacandelo adityaniswe ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-PCB kwaye aqhagamshelwe ngokuchanekileyo, evumela imiqondiso yombane esebenzayo kunye nokuthintela naluphi na uqhagamshelo oluxekileyo.
Icandelo elithe tye kunye nenkcazo edibeneyo ye-solder :
Xa icandelo okanye i-solder edibeneyo ibizwa ngokuba "ithe ngqo" kwimveliso ye-PCBA, oko kuthetha ukuba ayikho tyaba okanye ayihambelani ngokufanelekileyo nomphezulu we-PCB. Ngamanye amazwi, icandelo okanye i-solder joint ayigungxulwanga nePCB.
Iingxaki ezinokuthi zibangelwe zizinto ezithe tye kunye neejoyinti ze-solder:
Amacandelo ngokuthe tye kunye namalungu e-solder anokubangela inani leengxaki ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-PCBA kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo sokugqibela sombane. Ezinye iingxaki ezinokuthi zibangelwe yile nto ziquka:
Ukusoda kakubi:
Amalungu e-solder athe nkqo asenokungadibanisi ngokufanelekileyo neepadi ze-PCB, oko kubangele ukuhamba kwe-solder okunganelanga kunye noqhagamshelo lombane olubuthathaka. Oku kunciphisa ukuthembeka ngokubanzi kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo.
Uxinzelelo lomatshini:
Izinto ezithe tye zinokuba phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu lomatshini kuba aziqhagamshelwanga ngokuqinileyo kumphezulu wePCB. Olu xinzelelo lunokubangela ukuba amalungu ophuke okanye ade asuke kwi-PCB, abangele ukuba isixhobo singasebenzi kakuhle.
Uqhagamshelo lombane olulambathayo:
Xa icandelo okanye i-joint ye-solder imile ngokuthe tye, kukho umngcipheko woqhagamshelwano olubi lombane. Oku kunokubangela uqhagamshelo oluphakathi, ukulahleka komqondiso, okanye ukuhanjiswa okucuthiweyo, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwesixhobo sombane.
Ukutshisa ngokugqithisileyo:
Amalungu athe nkqo akanakubuchitha ubushushu ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunokuchaphazela ulawulo lwe-thermal yesixhobo, kubangele ukushisa okugqithisileyo kunye nezinto ezinokonakalisa okanye ukwenza bufutshane ubomi babo benkonzo.
Imiba yemfezeko yoMqondiso:
Amacandelo amileyo okanye amajoyinti e-solder anokubangela ukuhambelana okungafanelekanga phakathi kweesekethe, ukubonakalisa umqondiso, okanye i-crosstalk. Le miba inokuthoba isidima sophawu ngokubanzi kunye nokusebenza kwesixhobo sombane.
Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenziwa kwePCBA, ukusonjululwa kwangethuba kwecandelo elithe tye kunye nemiba edityanisiweyo ye-solder kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa umgangatho, ukuthembeka, kunye nobomi obude bemveliso yokugqibela.
2.Izizathu zokuba kutheni amacandelo okanye i-solder joints ime nkqo kwiNkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PCBA:
Ukusasazwa kobushushu obungalinganiyo: Ukufudumeza okungalinganiyo, ukupholisa, okanye ukusasazwa kobushushu kwiPCB kunokubangela ukuba amacandelo okanye amalungu e-solder aphakame.Ngexesha lenkqubo ye-soldering, ukuba iindawo ezithile kwi-PCB zifumana ubushushu obungaphezulu okanye obungaphantsi kunezinye, oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kumalungu kunye namalungu e-solder. Olu xinzelelo lwe-thermal lunokubangela ukuba i-solder idibanise okanye igobe, ibangele ukuba icandelo lime ngokuthe tye.Enye yezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokusabalalisa ubushushu obungalinganiyo kukugqithiswa kobushushu ngexesha le-welding. Ukuba ubushushu abusasazwanga ngokulinganayo kwi-PCB, ezinye iindawo zingafumana amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngelixa ezinye iindawo zihlala zipholile. Oku kunokubangelwa ukubekwa okungafanelekanga okanye ukuhanjiswa kwezinto zokufudumeza, ukungonelanga kweendaba zokudlulisa ukushisa, okanye iteknoloji yokufudumala engasebenzi kakuhle.
Enye into ebangela ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obungalinganiyo kukupholisa okungafanelekanga. Ukuba i-PCB ipholisa ngokungafaniyo emva kwenkqubo yokuthengisela, ezinye iindawo zinokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunezinye. Oku kupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunokubangela ukushwabana kwe-thermal, kubangele amacandelo okanye i-solder joints zime nkqo.
Iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-Welding azichanekanga: Izicwangciso ezingachanekanga ezifana neqondo lokushisa, ixesha okanye uxinzelelo ngexesha le-soldering linokubangela ukuba amacandelo okanye i-solder joints ime ngokuthe tye.I-Soldering ibandakanya ukufudumeza ukunyibilika kwe-solder kunye nokwenza ibhondi eyomeleleyo phakathi kwecandelo kunye ne-PCB. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa libekwe phezulu kakhulu ngexesha le-soldering, kunokubangela ukuba i-solder inyibilike ngokugqithiseleyo. Oku kunokubangela ukuhamba ngokudibeneyo kwe-solder kwaye kubangele ukuba amacandelo ame nkqo. Ngokufanayo, ukushisa okunganeleyo kunokubangela ukunyibilika okwaneleyo kwe-solder, okubangela ukuba kubekho ubuthathaka okanye obungaphelelanga. Ixesha kunye nezicwangciso zoxinzelelo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ixesha elinganeleyo okanye uxinzelelo lunokubangela ukuba i-solder ingaphelelanga okanye ibuthathaka, enokubangela ukuba icandelo lime. Ukongeza, uxinzelelo olugqithileyo ngexesha le-soldering lunokubangela ukuhamba kwe-solder ngokugqithiseleyo, okubangela ukuba izinto zithintele okanye ziphakamise.
Ukubekwa kwecandelo elingafanelekanga: Ukubekwa kwecandelo elingafanelekanga kuyimbangela eqhelekileyo yamacandelo okanye i-solder joints emi nkqo.Ngexesha lokuhlanganisana, ukuba amacandelo angahambelani kakuhle okanye athambekile, oku kunokubangela ukubunjwa kwe-solder engalinganiyo. Xa i-soldering amacandelo anjalo, i-solder ayinakuhamba ngokulinganayo, ibangela ukuba icandelo liphakame. Ukungahambi kakuhle kwecandelo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yempazamo yomntu okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle komatshini wokubeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukubekwa kwecandelo ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuthintela iingxaki ezinjalo. Abavelisi kufuneka balandele ngononophelo izikhokelo zokubekwa kwecandelo ezibonelelwe luyilo lwePCB okanye iinkcukacha zendibano. Izinto zokudibanisa izinto ezimbi okanye iindlela zobugcisa: Umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo kunye nobuchule obusetyenzisiweyo bunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukubunjwa kwamalungu e-solder kwaye ngoko ukuzinza kwecandelo. Izinto zokuthambisa ezinomgangatho ophantsi zinokuqulatha ukungcola, zibe neendawo zokunyibilika ezingahambelaniyo, okanye ziqulathe i-flux eyaneleyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinjalo kunokubangela ukuba i-solder joints ebuthathaka okanye ephosakeleyo enokubangela ukuba indibano ime.
Iindlela zokubethelela ezingafanelekanga ezifana ne-solder eninzi kakhulu okanye eyaneleyo, ukuphindaphinda okungalinganiyo okanye okungahambelaniyo, okanye ukuhanjiswa kweqondo lokushisa okungalunganga kunokubangela le ngxaki. Kubalulekile ukulandela ubuchule obufanelekileyo bokuthengisa kunye nezikhokelo ezicetyiswayo ngabavelisi becandelo okanye imigangatho yoshishino ukuqinisekisa ukubunjwa okudibeneyo kwe-solder.
Ukongeza, ukucocwa kwePCB okungonelanga emva kokuba i-soldering inokubangela ukwakhiwa kwentsalela kumalungu e-solder. Le ntsalela inokubangela imiba yoxinzelelo lomphezulu ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhona, okubangela ukuba amalungu ame nkqo.
3. Izisombululo zokusombulula iingxaki:
Lungisa ubushushu bokusebenza: Ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu ngexesha le-welding, qwalasela ezi ndlela zilandelayo:
Lungisa izixhobo zokufudumeza: Qinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zokufudumeza (ezifana nomoya oshushu okanye i-oven ye-infrared reflow oven) zilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zibonelela nobushushu obulinganayo kwi-PCB.Khangela iindawo ezishushu okanye ezibandayo kwaye wenze naluphi na uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko okanye ukulungiswa ukuze uqinisekise ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obuhambelanayo.
Phumeza inyathelo lokufudumeza: Ukutshisa i-PCB ngaphambi kokuba i-soldering incede ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal kwaye ikhuthaze ukusabalalisa ngakumbi kweqondo lokushisa.Ukushisa kwangaphambili kunokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa isikhululo esizinikezeleyo sokutshisa okanye ngokunyusa ngokuthe ngcembe iqondo lobushushu kwisithando somlilo ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu.
Lungiselela iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-welding: Ukulungiswa kakuhle kweeparamitha zenkqubo ye-welding kubaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni uxhulumaniso oluthembekileyo kunye nokuthintela amacandelo ukuba amile ngokuthe tye. Nika ingqalelo kule miba ilandelayo:
Ubushushu: Beka ubushushu be-welding ngokweemfuno ezithile zamacandelo kunye nezixhobo ze-welding.Landela izikhokelo okanye imigangatho yoshishino ebonelelwa ngumenzi wecandelo. Gwema amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, anokubangela ukuhamba ngokugqithisileyo kwe-solder, kunye namaqondo okushisa angonelanga, anokubangela ukuba i-brittle solder joints.
Ixesha: Qinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ye-solder inika ixesha elaneleyo lokuba i-solder inyibilike kwaye yenze ibhondi eqinile.Ixesha elifutshane kakhulu linokubangela ukuba amalungu e-solder abuthathaka okanye angaphelelanga, ngelixa ixesha elide lokufudumeza lingabangela ukuhamba kwe-solder ngokugqithiseleyo.
Uxinzelelo: Lungisa uxinzelelo olusetyenziswayo xa i-soldering ukuphepha ukugqithiswa okanye ngaphantsi kwe-soldering.Landela izikhokelo zoxinzelelo ezicetyiswayo ezibonelelwa ngumenzi wecandelo okanye umthengisi wezixhobo ze-welding.
Qinisekisa ukubekwa kwecandelo ngokuchanekileyo: Ukubekwa kwecandelo ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kubalulekile ukuphepha imiba emileyo. Qwalasela la manyathelo alandelayo:
Sebenzisa izixhobo zokubeka ezisemgangathweni: Tyala imali kwizixhobo zokubeka ezizihambelayo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinokubeka amacandelo ngokuchanekileyo.Ukulungelelanisa nokugcina izixhobo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa okuchanekileyo.
Qinisekisa ukuqhelaniswa necandelo: Jonga kabini ukuqhelaniswa necandelo ngaphambi kokubekwa.Ukuqhelaniswa okungafanelekanga kwamacandelo kunokubangela ukungahambi kakuhle ngexesha le-welding kwaye kubangele iingxaki zokuma.
Ulungelelwaniso kunye noZinzo: Qinisekisa ukuba amacandelo asisikweri kwaye abekwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwiipadi zePCB phambi kokuthengiswa.Sebenzisa izixhobo zokulungelelanisa okanye i-clamps ukubamba amacandelo kwindawo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-welding ukukhusela nayiphi na i-tilting okanye intshukumo.
Khetha izinto eziphezulu ze-welding: Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo ze-welding kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho we-solder joint. Nceda uqwalasele ezi zikhokelo zilandelayo:
I-alloy ye-Solder: Khetha i-alloy ye-solder efanelekileyo kwinkqubo ethile yokuthengisa, amacandelo kunye nezixhobo ze-PCB ezisetyenzisiweyo.Sebenzisa ii-alloys ezineendawo zokunyibilika ezingaguqukiyo kunye neempawu ezintle zokumanzisa ukuwelda okuthembekileyo.
I-Flux: Sebenzisa i-flux ekumgangatho ophezulu efanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokuthengisa kunye ne-PCB esetyenzisiweyo.I-flux kufuneka ikhuthaze ukumanzisa okulungileyo kunye nokubonelela ngokucocwa okwaneleyo kwendawo ye-solder.
I-Solder Paste: Qinisekisa ukuba i-solder paste esetyenzisiweyo inokwakheka okuchanekileyo kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani besuntswana ukufezekisa ukunyibilika okufanelekileyo kunye neempawu zokuhamba.Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuncamathelisa i-solder ziyafumaneka kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthambisa, ezinje nge-reflow okanye i-wave soldering.
Gcina i-PCB yakho icocekile: Umphezulu we-PCB ococekileyo ubalulekile kwi-solder ekumgangatho ophezulu. Nceda ulandele la manyathelo ukugcina iPCB yakho icocekile:
Ukususwa kwe-Flux Residue: Susa ngokupheleleyo intsalela ye-flux kwi-PCB emva kokuthengiswa.Sebenzisa isicoci esifanelekileyo, esifana ne-isopropyl alcohol (IPA) okanye i-specialized flux remover, ukususa nayiphi na intsalela ye-flux enokuphazamisa ukubunjwa kwe-solder okanye kubangele imiba yoxinzelelo.
Ukususwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo: Susa zonke izinto ezingcolileyo ezinjengokungcola, uthuli okanye ioli ukusuka kumphezulu we-PCB ngaphambi kokuba uthengise.Sebenzisa iragi okanye ibrashi engenanto ukucoca ngobunono umphezulu wePCB ukunqanda ukonakalisa izinto ezibuthathaka.
Ukugcina nokuPhatha: Gcina kwaye uphathe iiPCB kwindawo ecocekileyo, engenathuli.Sebenzisa izigqubuthelo ezikhuselayo okanye iingxowa zokuthintela ukungcoliseka ngexesha lokugcinwa nokuthutha. Ukuhlola rhoqo nokubeka iliso kwi-PCB ukucoceka nokuseka ulawulo lwenkqubo olufanelekileyo ukugcina amanqanaba ococeko angaguqukiyo.
4.Ukubaluleka koncedo lobungcali kwiPCBA Manufacturing:
Xa ujongene nemiba entsonkothileyo enxulumene nezixhobo zokuma okanye i-solder ngexesha lendibano yePCB, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lobuchwephesha kumvelisi onamava. Umvelisi wendibano yePCB yobuchwephesha uCapel unikezela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ezinokunceda ukusombulula le miba ngokufanelekileyo.
amava: Umenzi wendibano yePCB yobuchwephesha uCapel uneminyaka eyi-15 yamava ekusombululeni imingeni eyahlukeneyo yendibano yePCB.Baye badibana kwaye basombulula ngempumelelo imiba eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukudibanisa okuthe tye kunye nemiba edibeneyo ye-solder. Amava abo abavumela ukuba bachonge ngokukhawuleza oonobangela bale miba kwaye baphumeze izisombululo ezifanelekileyo. Ngolwazi olufunyenwe kwiiprojekthi ezingenakubalwa, banokubonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo kunye neengcebiso zokuqinisekisa impumelelo yendibano yePCB.
Ubungcali: ICapel iqeshe amagcisa endibano yePCB anezakhono eziphezulu kwaye aqeqeshwe kakuhle.Aba bachwephesha banolwazi olunzulu lweendlela zokuthengisela, ukubekwa kwecandelo kunye namanyathelo okulawula umgangatho. Baqonda ubunzima benkqubo yendibano kwaye bazi kakuhle imigangatho yoshishino kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo. Ubuchwephesha bethu busivumela ukuba senze uhlolo olucokisekileyo, sichonge imingcipheko enokubakho, kwaye senze uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko ukuze soyise imiba edibeneyo yokuthengisa. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchule bethu, umenzi wendibano yePCB oyingcali uCapel unokuqinisekisa owona mgangatho uphezulu wendibano kunye nokunciphisa ukubakho kweengxaki ezizayo.
Izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu: Umenzi wendibano yePCB yobuchwephesha ICapel ityala imali kwizixhobo zangoku kunye nobugcisa bokuphucula ukuthengisa kunye neenkqubo zokuhlanganisa.Basebenzisa ii-oveni zokuphinda ziqhutyelwe phambili, oomatshini bokubeka izinto ezizenzekelayo kunye nezixhobo zokuhlola ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo. Aba matshini balinganiswe ngononophelo kwaye bagcinwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulawulo oluchanekileyo lobushushu, ukubekwa kwecandelo ngokuchanekileyo, kunye nokuhlolwa ngokucokisekileyo kwamalungu e-solder. Ngokusebenzisa izixhobo eziphambili, iCapel inokuphelisa ezininzi izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuma-up-up okanye iingxaki ezidibeneyo ze-solder, ezifana nokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa, ukungahambi kakuhle, okanye ukuhamba kakubi kwe-solder.
I-QC: Umenzi wendibano ye-PCB yobuchwephesha iCapel inemilinganiselo epheleleyo yokulawula umgangatho wokuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu womgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuthembeka.Balandela iinkqubo ezingqongqo zolawulo lomgangatho kuyo yonke inkqubo yendibano, ukusuka ekuthengeni icandelo ukuya ekuhlolweni kokugqibela. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlolwa ngokucokisekileyo kwamacandelo, i-solder joints kunye nococeko lwe-PCB. Sineenkqubo zovavanyo ezingqongqo ezinjengokuhlolwa kweX-reyi kunye nokuhlola okuzenzekelayo ukubona naziphi na iziphene ezinokubakho okanye izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ngokubambelela kumanyathelo angqongqo olawulo lomgangatho, abavelisi abaziingcali banokucutha ukwenzeka kwecandelo elithe tye okanye iingxaki ezidityanisiweyo ze-solder kunye nokubonelela ngeendibano zePCB ezithembekileyo.
Iindleko kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo: Sebenza kunye nomenzi wendibano yePCB oyingcali uCapel unokonga ixesha kunye neendleko.Ubuchwephesha babo kunye nezixhobo eziphambili zinokuchonga ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusombulula icandelo lokuma okanye imiba edibeneyo ye-solder, ukunciphisa ukulibaziseka okunokubakho kwiishedyuli zemveliso. Ukongezelela, umngcipheko wokuphinda usetyenziswe okanye ukuchithwa kwezinto ezineziphene unokuncitshiswa kakhulu xa usebenza neengcali ezinolwazi oluyimfuneko kunye namava. Oku kunokonga iindleko ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Isishwankathelo,ubukho amacandelo upstanding okanye amalungu solder ngexesha PCBA yokuvelisa kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu. Ngokuqonda izizathu ezibangela le nto kunye nokuphumeza izisombululo ezifanelekileyo, abavelisi banokuphucula umgangatho we-weld, ukukhusela umonakalo wecandelo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuxhamla kombane okuthembekileyo. Ukusebenza nomenzi wendibano yePCB oyingcali uCapel unokubonelela ngenkxaso efunekayo kunye nobuchule bokusombulula le ngxaki. Ngokulandela ezi zikhokelo, abavelisi banokuphucula iinkqubo zabo zokwenziwa kwePCBA kwaye babonelele abathengi ngeemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-11-2023
Emva
