I-Flexible PCB (iBhodi yeSekethe eShicileleyo) iye yathandwa kakhulu kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kubathengi be-elektroniki ukuya kwizicelo zeemoto, i-fpc PCB izisa ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kunye nokuqina kwizixhobo zombane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PCB eguquguqukayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wayo kunye nokuthembeka. Kule post yebhlog, siza kuphononongaflex inkqubo yokuvelisa PCBngokweenkcukacha, egubungela ngalinye lamanyathelo aphambili abandakanyekayo.
1. Isigaba soYilo kunye noYilo:
Isinyathelo sokuqala kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ibhodi yesekethe ye-flex kuyilo kunye nesigaba soyilo. Kweli nqanaba, umzobo weskimu kunye noyilo lwecandelo lugqityiwe. Izixhobo zesoftware yokuyila njenge-Altium Designer kunye neCadence Allegro iqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokusebenza kakuhle kweli nqanaba. Iimfuno zoyilo ezifana nobukhulu, imilo kunye nomsebenzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukulungiselela ukuguquguquka kwePCB.
Ngexesha loyilo kunye nenqanaba loyilo lokwenziwa kwebhodi yePCB eguqukayo, amanyathelo aliqela kufuneka alandelwe ukuqinisekisa uyilo oluchanekileyo nolusebenzayo. La manyathelo aquka:
Uyilo:
Yenza iskimu sokubonisa uqhagamshelo lombane kunye nomsebenzi wesekethe. Isebenza njengesiseko sayo yonke inkqubo yoyilo.
Ukubekwa kwelungu:
Emva kokuba iskimu sigqityiwe, inyathelo elilandelayo kukumisela ukubekwa kwamacandelo kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo. Izinto ezifana nokunyaniseka komqondiso, ulawulo lwe-thermal, kunye nezithintelo zoomatshini ziqwalaselwa ngexesha lokubekwa kwecandelo.
Indlela:
Emva kokuba amacandelo abekwe, iintambo zesekethe eziprintiweyo zihanjiswa ukuseka ukudibanisa kombane phakathi kwamacandelo. Kweli nqanaba, iimfuno zokuguquguquka kwe-PCB yesekethe ye-flex kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo. Iindlela ezikhethekileyo zomzila ezifana ne-meander okanye i-serpentine routing zingasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela ukugoba kwebhodi yesiphaluka kunye ne-flex.
Ukujonga umthetho woyilo:
Phambi kokuba uyilo lugqitywe, kujongwa umthetho woyilo (i-DRC) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba uyilo luhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokwenziwa kwemveliso. Oku kubandakanya ukujonga iimpazamo zombane, ubuncinci bobubanzi bomkhondo kunye nesithuba, kunye nezinye izithintelo zoyilo.
Ukuveliswa kwefayile yeGerber:
Emva kokuba uyilo lugqityiwe, ifayile yoyilo iguqulwa ibe yifayile yeGerber, equlethe ulwazi lokuvelisa olufunekayo ukuvelisa ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo. Ezi fayile ziquka ulwazi lomaleko, ukubekwa kwecandelo kunye neenkcukacha zomzila.
Ukuqinisekiswa koYilo:
Uyilo lunokuqinisekiswa ngokulinganisa kunye neprototyping ngaphambi kokungena kwisigaba sokuvelisa. Oku kunceda ukuchonga nayiphi na imiba enokubakho okanye uphuculo olufuna ukwenziwa ngaphambi kokuveliswa.
Izixhobo zesoftware yokuyila ezifana noMyili weAltium kunye neCadence Allegro zinceda ukwenza lula inkqubo yoyilo ngokubonelela ngeempawu ezinje ngokubanjwa okucwangcisiweyo, ukubekwa kwecandelo, umgaqo kunye nokujonga umthetho woyilo. Ezi zixhobo ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwi-fpc flexible eprinted design circuit.
2. Ukukhethwa kwezinto:
Ukukhetha imathiriyeli eyiyo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngempumelelo ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka iipolymers eziguquguqukayo, i-foil yobhedu, kunye ne-adhesives. Ukukhethwa kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nesicelo esicetywayo, iimfuno zokuguquguquka, kunye nokumelana nokushisa. Uphando olunzulu kunye nentsebenziswano kunye nabanikezeli bezinto eziphathekayo kuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezingcono kakhulu zikhethwa kwiprojekthi ethile.
Nazi ezinye izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha imathiriyeli:
Iimfuno zokuguquguquka:
Izinto ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zibe nokuguquguquka okufunekayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepolymers eziguquguqukayo ezikhoyo, ezifana ne-polyimide (PI) kunye ne-polyester (PET), nganye inamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuguquguquka.
Ukuxhathisa iqondo lobushushu:
Izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana neqondo lokushisa lokusebenza ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okanye ukuthotywa. Ii-substrates eziguquguqukayo ezahlukeneyo zinemilinganiselo yokushisa ephezulu ehlukeneyo, ngoko kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ezinokusingatha iimeko ezifunekayo zokushisa.
Iimpawu zombane:
Izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zibe neempawu zombane ezilungileyo, ezifana ne-dielectric ephantsi rhoqo kunye ne-tangent yelahleko ephantsi, ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kwesignali. Ifoyile yobhedu isoloko isetyenziswa njengomqhubi kwisekethe yefpc eguquguqukayo ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kombane okugqwesileyo.
Iinkcazelo ngoomatshini:
Izinto ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zibe namandla afanelekileyo omatshini kwaye zikwazi ukumelana nokugoba kunye nokuguquguquka ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukuchithwa. I-Adhesives esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iileya ze-flexpcb kufuneka ibe neepropati ezilungileyo zoomatshini ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokuqina.
Ukuhambelana neenkqubo zokuvelisa:
Izinto ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zihambelane neenkqubo zokuvelisa ezibandakanyekayo, ezifana ne-lamination, etching, kunye ne-welding. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuhambelana kwezinto kunye nezi nkqubo zokuqinisekisa iziphumo eziyimpumelelo zokuvelisa.
Ngokuqwalasela le miba kunye nokusebenza kunye nabanikezeli bezinto eziphathekayo, izinto ezifanelekileyo zinokukhethwa ukuhlangabezana nokuguquguquka, ukumelana nobushushu, ukusebenza kombane, ukusebenza ngoomatshini, kunye neemfuno zokuhambelana kweprojekthi ye-PCB ye-flex.
3. Ukulungiswa kweSubstrate:
Ngethuba lesigaba sokulungiselela i-substrate, ifilimu eguquguqukayo isebenza njengesiseko se-PCB. Kwaye ngexesha lesigaba sokulungiselela i-substrate yokwenziwa kwesekethe ye-flex, kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukucoca ifilimu eguquguqukayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ikhululekile kwizinto ezingcolileyo okanye iintsalela ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-PCB. Inkqubo yokucoca ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kokuhlanganiswa kweekhemikhali kunye neendlela zomatshini ukususa ukungcola. Eli nyathelo libaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokudibanisa kweeleyile ezilandelayo.
Emva kokucoca, ifilimu eguquguqukayo ifakwe nge-adhesive material edibanisa iileyile kunye. Izinto zokubambelela ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo ifilimu ekhethekileyo yokubambelela okanye i-adhesive liquid, ehlanganiswe ngokulinganayo phezu kwefilimu eguquguqukayo. I-Adhesives inceda ukubonelela ngentembeko yesakhiwo kunye nokuthembeka kwi-PCB flex ngokudibanisa ngokuqinileyo iileya kunye.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezincamathelayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukudibanisa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zesicelo. Izinto ezinjengokuqina kwebhondi, ukuxhathisa ubushushu, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokuhambelana nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yendibano yePCB kufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kukhethwa izinto ezincamathelayo.
Emva kokuba i-adhesive isetyenziswe, ifilimu eguquguqukayo inokuqhutyelwa phambili kwimigangatho elandelayo, njengokongeza i-foil yobhedu njengeendlela zokuqhuba, ukongeza iileyile ze-dielectric okanye amacandelo okudibanisa. Izinto zokuncamathelisa zisebenza njengeglu kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa ukwenza ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo noluthembekileyo lwePCBs.
4. Izigqubuthelo zobhedu:
Emva kokulungiselela i-substrate, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukongeza uluhlu lobhedu. Oku kuphunyezwa nge-laminating copper foil kwifilimu eguquguqukayo usebenzisa ukushisa kunye noxinzelelo. Umaleko wobhedu usebenza njengendlela conductive iimpawu zombane ngaphakathi PCB flex.
Ubukhulu kunye nomgangatho womgangatho wobhedu yimiba ephambili ekumiseleni ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwe-PCB eguquguqukayo. Ukutyeba ngokuqhelekileyo kulinganiswa ngee-ounces ngesikwere sonyawo (oz/ft²), kunye nokhetho olusuka ku-0.5 oz/ft² ukuya kwi-4 oz/ft². Ukukhethwa kobunzima bobhedu kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zoyilo lwesekethe kunye nokusebenza kombane okufunayo.
Iileya zobhedu ezishinyeneyo zibonelela ngokuxhathisa okuphantsi kunye nobuchule obungcono bokuthwala okwangoku, okubenza bafanelekele usetyenziso lwamandla aphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iileyile zobhedu ezincinci zibonelela ngokuguquguqukayo kwaye zikhethwa kwizicelo ezifuna ukugoba okanye ukuguqula isiphaluka esiprintiweyo.
Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho umaleko wobhedu kubalulekile, njengoko naziphi na iziphene okanye ukungcola kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kombane kunye nokuthembeka kwebhodi ye-flexible PCB. Iingqwalasela zomgangatho oqhelekileyo ziquka ukufana kobunzima bobhedu, ukungabikho kweepinholes okanye i-voids, kunye nokubambelela ngokufanelekileyo kwi-substrate. Ukuqinisekisa le miba yomgangatho kunokunceda ukufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi obude be-PCB yakho eguqukayo.
5. Ipateni yesekethe:
Kweli nqanaba, ipateni yesekethe efunekayo yenziwa ngokususa ubhedu olugqithisileyo kusetyenziswa i-chemical etchant. Ifotoresist isetyenziswa kwindawo yobhedu, ilandelwa kukuvezwa kwe-UV kunye nophuhliso. Inkqubo ye-etching isusa ubhedu olungafunekiyo, ishiya umkhondo wesekethe oyifunayo, iipads, kunye ne-vias.
Nantsi ingcaciso ethe kratya yenkqubo:
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-photoresist:
Uluhlu oluncinci lwezinto ze-photosensitive (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-photoresist) zisetyenziswe kumphezulu wobhedu. Iifotoresists zidla ngokugqunywa kusetyenziswa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-spin coating, apho i-substrate ijikeleziswa ngesantya esiphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukubamba okufanayo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwisibane seUV:
I-photomask equlethe ipateni yesekethe efunwayo ifakwe kwi-photoresist-coated copper surface. I-substrate ke ibonakaliswe kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV). Ukukhanya kwe-UV kudlula kwiindawo ezicacileyo ze-photomask ngelixa zivaliwe ziindawo ze-opaque. Ukuvezwa kukukhanya kwe-UV ngokukhetha kutshintsha iipropathi zekhemikhali ze-photoresist, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ithoni echanekileyo okanye engalunganga yokuchasa.
Ukuphuhlisa:
Emva kokuvezwa kukukhanya kwe-UV, i-photoresist iphuhliswa kusetyenziswa isisombululo sekhemikhali. Iifotoresists ezinethoni encomekayo ziyanyibilika kubaphuhlisi, ngelixa iiphotoresists ezinethoni engalunganga azinyibiliki. Le nkqubo isusa i-photoresist engafunwayo kumphezulu wobhedu, ishiya ipateni yesekethe efunekayo.
Etching:
Emva kokuba i-photoresist eseleyo ichaza ipateni yesekethe, inyathelo elilandelayo kukucima ubhedu olugqithisiweyo. Ikhemikhali etchant (idla ngokuba sisisombululo esineasidi) isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa iindawo ezivelileyo zobhedu. I-etchant isusa ubhedu kwaye ishiya umkhondo wesiphaluka, iipads kunye ne-vias echazwe yi-photoresist.
Ukususwa kwe-Photoresist:
Emva kwe-etching, i-photoresist eseleyo iyasuswa kwi-PCB eguqukayo. Eli nyathelo lenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa isisombululo sokuqhawula esinyibilikisa i-photoresist, ishiya kuphela ipateni yesekethe yobhedu.
Uhlolo noLawulo loMgangatho:
Ekugqibeleni, ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo eguquguqukayo ihlolwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwendlela yesiphaluka kwaye ibone naziphi na iziphene. Eli linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka PCBs flex.
Ngokwenza la manyathelo, ipateni yesekethe efunekayo yenziwe ngempumelelo kwi-PCB eguquguqukayo, ibeka isiseko senqanaba elilandelayo lendibano kunye nemveliso.
6. Imaski yesolder kunye noshicilelo lwesikrini:
Imaski ye-Solder isetyenziselwa ukukhusela iisekethe kunye nokukhusela iibhulorho ze-solder ngexesha lendibano. Ithi ke iprintwe isikrini ukongeza iilebhile eziyimfuneko, iilogos kunye nabaqulunqi becandelo ukwenzela ukusebenza okongeziweyo kunye neenjongo zokuchongwa.
Oku kulandelayo yinkqubo yokwazisa imaski ye-solder kunye noshicilelo lwesikrini:
Imaski yeSolder:
Ukusetyenziswa kweMaski yeSolder:
Imaski yeSolder ngumaleko okhuselayo osetyenziswa kwisekethe yobhedu eveziweyo kwiPCB ebhetyebhetye. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kusetyenziswa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba lushicilelo lwesikrini. I-inki yemaski ye-Solder, ehlala iluhlaza ngombala, iprintwa kwiscreen kwiPCB kwaye igqume imikhondo yobhedu, iipads kunye ne-vias, iveza kuphela iindawo ezifunekayo.
Ukunyanga kunye nokomisa:
Emva kokuba imaski ye-solder ifakiwe, i-PCB eguquguqukayo iya kuhamba kwinkqubo yokunyanga kunye nokomisa. I-PCB ye-elektroniki idlula kwi-oveni yokuhambisa apho imaski ye-solder ifudunyezwa ukuze inyange kwaye iqine. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba imaski ye-solder inika ukhuseleko olusebenzayo kunye ne-insulation yesekethe.
Iindawo ezivulekileyo zePad:
Kwezinye iimeko, iindawo ezithile zemaski ye-solder zishiywe zivulekile ukuveza iipads zethusi ukwenzela i-solder yecandelo. Ezi ndawo zepadi zihlala zibizwa ngokuba yiSolder Mask Open (SMO) okanye iSolder Mask Defined (SMD) pads. Oku kuvumela i-soldering lula kwaye iqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano olukhuselekileyo phakathi kwecandelo kunye nebhodi yesekethe ye-PCB.
ushicilelo lwesikrini:
Ukulungiswa komsebenzi wobugcisa:
Ngaphambi koshicilelo lwesikrini, yenza umsebenzi wobugcisa oquka iilebhile, iilogo, kunye nezalathi zecandelo ezifunekayo kwibhodi ye-flex PCB. Lo mzobo wenziwa kusetyenziswa isoftware yoyilo oluncediswa yikhompyuter (CAD).
Ukulungiswa kwesikrini:
Sebenzisa umsebenzi wobugcisa ukwenza iitemplates okanye izikrini. Iindawo ezifuna ukushicilelwa zihlala zivulekile ngelixa ezinye zivaliwe. Oku kuqhele ukwenziwa ngokugquma isikrini nge-emulsion ye-photosensitive kunye nokuyibeka kwimitha ye-UV usebenzisa umsebenzi wobugcisa.
Isicelo se-Inki:
Emva kokulungiselela isikrini, sebenzisa i-inkino kwisikrini kwaye usebenzise i-squeegee ukusabalalisa inki kwiindawo ezivulekileyo. I-inki idlula kwindawo evulekileyo kwaye ifakwe kwi-mask ye-solder, yongeza iilebhile ezifunwayo, iilogo kunye nezalathi zecandelo.
Ukomisa kunye nokunyanga:
Emva koshicilelo lwesikrini, i-PCB eguquguqukayo ihamba ngenkqubo yokomisa kunye nokunyanga ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-inki ibambelela ngokufanelekileyo kumphezulu wemaski we-solder. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokuvumela i-inki ukuba yome emoyeni okanye ukusebenzisa ubushushu okanye ukukhanya kwe-UV ukunyanga kunye nokwenza lukhuni i-inki.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-soldermask kunye ne-silkscreen inika ukhuseleko kwi-circuitry kwaye yongeza into ebonakalayo yesazisi ukuze kube lula ukuhlanganisa kunye nokuchongwa kwamacandelo kwi-PCB ye-flex.
7. INdibano ye-SMT PCBYamacandelo:
Kwinqanaba lendibano yecandelo, amacandelo e-elektroniki abekwa aze athengiselwe kwibhodi yesiphaluka ethambileyo eprintiweyo. Oku kunokwenziwa ngeenkqubo zemanuwali okanye ezizenzekelayo, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bemveliso. Ukubekwa kwecandelo kuye kwaqwalaselwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwi-PCB eguqukayo.
Alandelayo ngamanyathelo aphambili abandakanyekayo kwindibano yecandelo:
Ukukhetha icandelo:
Khetha amacandelo afanelekileyo e-elektroniki ngokoyilo lwesekethe kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Ezi zinto zinokubandakanya izixhasi, ii-capacitors, iisekethe ezidibeneyo, izihlanganisi, kunye nokunye.
ULungiselelo lwamacandelo:
Icandelo ngalinye lilungiselelwa ukubekwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izikhokelo okanye iipads zihlanjululwe ngokufanelekileyo, ziqondiswe kwaye zicocwe (ukuba kuyimfuneko). Izinto zokunyuswa komphezulu zinokuza nge-reel okanye ifom yetreyi, ngelixa izixhobo zomngxuma zinokuza kwipakethe yobuninzi.
Ukubekwa kwelungu:
Kuxhomekeke kwisikali semveliso, amacandelo abekwe kwi-PCB eguquguqukayo ngesandla okanye usebenzisa izixhobo ezizenzekelayo. Ukubekwa kwecandelo okuzenzekelayo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa kusetyenziswa umatshini wokukhetha kunye nendawo, obeka ngokuthe ngqo amacandelo kwiipads ezichanekileyo okanye i-solder paste kwi-flexible PCB.
Ukusoda:
Nje ukuba amacandelo akhona, inkqubo yokuthengisela iyenziwa ukuncamathisela ngokusisigxina amacandelo kwi-flex PCB. Oku kwenziwa ngokwesiqhelo kusetyenziswa ukutyhutyha kwakhona i-solder yezixhobo zokunyuka komphezulu kunye namaza okanye i-solder yesandla ngaphaya kwezixhobo zomngxunya.
Ukuphinda kufakwe iSolder:
Kwi-reflow soldering, yonke i-PCB ifudunyezwa kwiqondo elithile lobushushu usebenzisa i-oven yokubuyisela okanye indlela efanayo. Intlama ye-Solder esetyenziswa kwiphedi efanelekileyo iyanyibilika kwaye idale ikhonkco phakathi kwecandelo elikhokelayo kunye ne-PCB pad, ukudala uqhagamshelwano oluqinileyo lombane kunye noomatshini.
I-Wave Soldering:
Kwizinto eziphuma kumngxuma, i-wave soldering idla ngokusetyenziswa. Ibhodi yesekethe eguquguqukayo eprintiweyo igqithiswa kwi-wave ye-solder etyhidiweyo, emanzisa iintambo eziveziweyo kwaye idale uxhulumaniso phakathi kwecandelo kunye nebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo.
Ukusoda ngesandla:
Kwezinye iimeko, amanye amacandelo anokufuna i-soldering ngesandla. Umchwephesha onobuchule usebenzisa intsimbi yokuthambisa ukuze enze amakhonkco e-solder phakathi kwamacandelo kunye ne-flex PCB. Ukuhlolwa noVavanyo:
Emva kwe-soldering, i-PCB ye-flexible edibeneyo ihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba onke amacandelo athengiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye akukho ziphene ezifana neebhulorho ze-solder, iisekethe ezivulekileyo, okanye amacandelo angalungelelaniswanga. Uvavanyo olusebenzayo lunokwenziwa kwakhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuchanekileyo kwesekethe edibeneyo.
8. Uvavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa:
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kwee-PCB eziguquguqukayo, uvavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa kubalulekile. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuHlola okuSebenzayo (AOI) kunye noVavanyo lweSekethe (ICT) zinceda ekuchongeni iziphene ezinokuthi zibe kho, iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane okanye ezivulayo. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba kuphela iiPCB ezikumgangatho ophezulu zingena kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.
Ezi ndlela zilandelayo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kweli nqanaba:
UHlolo oluSebenzayo lwaMacho (AOI):
Iinkqubo ze-AOI zisebenzisa iikhamera kunye ne-algorithms yokusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso ukuhlola ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo zokufumana iziphene. Bayakwazi ukubona imiba efana nokungahambi kakuhle kwecandelo, amacandelo alahlekileyo, iziphene ezidibeneyo ze-solder ezifana neebhulorho ze-solder okanye i-solder eyaneleyo, kunye nezinye iziphene ezibonakalayo. I-AOI yindlela ekhawulezayo nesebenzayo yokuhlola i-PCB.
Uvavanyo lweSekethe (ICT):
I-ICT isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukudibanisa kombane kunye nokusebenza kwee-PCB eziguquguqukayo. Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukusebenzisa iiprobes zovavanyo kumanqaku athile kwi-PCB kunye nokulinganisa iiparamitha zombane ukujonga iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane, ukuvula kunye nokusebenza kwecandelo. I-ICT isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umthamo ophezulu ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza naziphi na iimpazamo zombane.
Uvavanyo olusebenzayo:
Ukongeza kwi-ICT, uvavanyo olusebenzayo lunokwenziwa kwakhona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-PCB ye-flex edibeneyo yenza umsebenzi wayo ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwi-PCB kunye nokuqinisekisa isiphumo sesekethe kunye nempendulo kusetyenziswa isixhobo sovavanyo okanye isixhobo sovavanyo esizinikeleyo.
Uvavanyo lombane kunye novavanyo oluqhubekayo:
Uvavanyo lombane lubandakanya ukulinganisa iiparamitha zombane ezifana nokumelana, amandla, kunye nombane wokuqinisekisa uqhagamshelo olufanelekileyo lombane kwi-PCB eguqukayo. Uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lujonga ukuvula okanye iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-PCB.
Ngokusebenzisa olu vavanyo kunye nobuchule bokuhlola, abavelisi banokuchonga kwaye balungise naziphi na iziphene okanye iintsilelo kwiiPCB eziguqukayo ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwinkqubo yemveliso. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuphela iiPCB ezikumgangatho ophezulu zisiwa kubathengi, ukuphucula ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza.
9. Ukumila kunye nokupakishwa:
Emva kokuba ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo eguquguqukayo iphumelele inqanaba lokuvavanya kunye nokuhlolwa, lihamba kwinkqubo yokugqibela yokucoca ukususa nayiphi na i-residu okanye ukungcola. I-PCB eguquguqukayo inqunyulwa ibe ziiyunithi ezizimeleyo, zilungele ukupakishwa. Ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukukhusela i-PCB ngexesha lokuthumela kunye nokuphatha.
Nazi iingongoma ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele:
Ukupakishwa kweAnti-static:
Ekubeni ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo zisengozini yokulimala kwi-electrostatic discharge (ESD), kufuneka zipakishwe ngezinto ezichasene ne-static. Iingxowa ze-Antistatic okanye iitreyi ezenziwe ngezinto zokuqhuba zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela iiPCB kumbane ongatshintshiyo. Ezi zixhobo zithintela ukwakhiwa kunye nokukhutshwa kweentlawulo ezimileyo ezinokonakalisa amacandelo okanye iisekethe kwi-PCB.
Ukhuseleko lokufuma:
Ubumanzi bunokuchaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwee-PCB eziguquguqukayo, ngakumbi ukuba ziye zaveza imikhondo yesinyithi okanye amacandelo abuthathaka. Izinto zokupakisha ezibonelela ngomqobo womswakama, njengeengxowa zokuthintela umswakama okanye iipakethi ze-desiccant, zinceda ukuthintela ukungena komswakama ngexesha lokuthumela okanye ukugcina.
Ukunciphisa kunye nokufunxa ukothuka:
Ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo zibuthathaka kwaye zinokonakala ngokulula ngokuphathwa ngokurhabaxa, impembelelo okanye ukungcangcazela ngexesha lothutho. Izinto zokupakisha ezifana nokusonga iqamza, ukufakwa ugwebu, okanye imicu yogwebu inokubonelela ngecushion kunye nokufunxa ukothuka ukukhusela iPCB kumonakalo onjalo.
Ukuleyibhile ngokufanelekileyo:
Kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olufanelekileyo olufana negama lemveliso, ubungakanani, umhla wokwenziwa kwayo kunye nayo nayiphi na imiyalelo yokuphatha kwipakethe. Oku kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuchongwa okufanelekileyo, ukuphathwa kunye nokugcinwa kweePCBs.
Ukupakishwa okukhuselekileyo:
Ukuze kuthintelwe nayiphi na intshukumo okanye ukufuduswa kwee-PCBs ngaphakathi kwepakethe ngexesha lokuthumela, kufuneka zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo. Izinto zangaphakathi zokupakisha ezifana ne-tape, izahluli, okanye ezinye izixhobo ezinokuthi zincede ukubamba i-PCB endaweni kunye nokuthintela umonakalo ekuhambeni.
Ngokulandela ezi zenzo zokupakisha, abavelisi banokuqinisekisa ukuba ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo zikhuselwe kakuhle kwaye zifike kwindawo yazo zikhuselekile kwaye ziphelele, zilungele ukufakela okanye ukuhlanganisana ngakumbi.
10. Ukulawulwa koMgangatho kunye nokuThunyelwa:
Ngaphambi kokuthumela ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo kubathengi okanye kwizityalo zendibano, siphumeza amanyathelo angqongqo olawulo lomgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yoshishino. Oku kubandakanya amaxwebhu abanzi, ukulandeleka kunye nokuthotyelwa kweemfuno ezithe ngqo kubathengi. Ukuthotyelwa kwezi nkqubo zokulawula umgangatho kuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bafumana ii-PCBs ezithembekileyo nezikumgangatho ophezulu.
Nazi ezinye iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga nolawulo lomgangatho kunye nokuthumela ngenqanawa:
Uxwebhu:
Sigcina amaxwebhu abanzi kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa, kubandakanywa zonke iinkcukacha, iifayile zokuyila kunye neerekhodi zokuhlola. Olu xwebhu luqinisekisa ukulandeleka kwaye lusenza sikwazi ukuchonga naziphi na iingxaki okanye ukutenxa okunokuthi kwenzeke ngexesha lemveliso.
Ukulandeleka:
I-PCB nganye eguquguqukayo yabelwa isichongi esikhethekileyo, esisivumela ukuba silandelele uhambo lwayo lonke ukusuka kwimathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya ekuthunyelweni kokugqibela. Oku kulandelelwa kuqinisekisa ukuba nayiphi na imiba enokubakho ingasonjululwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibekwe yodwa. Ikwaququzelela ukukhunjuzwa kwemveliso okanye uphando ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno ezithe ngqo kumthengi:
Sisebenza ngokukhutheleyo kunye nabathengi bethu ukuqonda iimfuno zabo ezizodwa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zethu zokulawula umgangatho ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zabo. Oku kuquka imiba efana nemigangatho ethile yokusebenza, iimfuno zokupakishwa nokuleyibheli, kunye nazo naziphi na iziqinisekiso eziyimfuneko okanye imigangatho.
Ukuhlolwa noVavanyo:
Siqhuba uhlolo olucokisekileyo kunye novavanyo kuzo zonke izigaba zenkqubo yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweebhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo eziguquguqukayo. Oku kubandakanya ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, uvavanyo lombane kunye nezinye iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokubona naziphi na iziphene ezifana nokuvula, iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane okanye imiba ye-soldering.
Ukupakishwa kunye nokuThunyelwa:
Emva kokuba ii-PCBs eziguquguqukayo ziphumelele zonke imilinganiselo yokulawula umgangatho, sizipakisha ngononophelo ngokusebenzisa izinto ezifanelekileyo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili. Kwakhona siqinisekisa ukuba ukupakishwa kubhalwe ngokufanelekileyo ngolwazi olufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuthintela nayiphi na into engafanelekanga okanye ukudideka ngexesha lokuthunyelwa.
Iindlela zokuthumela ngenqanawe kunye namahlakani:
Sisebenza kunye namaqabane athembekileyo okuthumela iinqanawa anamava ekuphatheni izinto ezibuthathaka ze-elektroniki. Sikhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokuthumela ngokusekwe kwizinto ezifana nesantya, ixabiso kunye nendawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Ukongeza, silandelela kwaye sibeke iliso ekuthunyelweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziswa ngexesha elilindelweyo.
Ngokubambelela ngokungqongqo kula manyathelo olawulo lomgangatho, sinokuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi bethu bafumana iPCB ethembekileyo nephezulu ebhetyebhetye ehlangabezana neemfuno zabo.
Isishwankathelo,ukuqonda inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PCB eguquguqukayo kubalulekile kubo bobabini abavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela. Ngokulandela uyilo olucokisekileyo, ukhetho lwezinto eziphathekayo, ukulungiswa kwe-substrate, ipateni yesekethe, indibano, uvavanyo, kunye neendlela zokupakisha, abavelisi banokuvelisa ii-PCB eziguquguqukayo ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho. Njengenxalenye ephambili yezixhobo zombane zale mihla, iibhodi zeesekethe eziguquguqukayo zinokukhuthaza ukuqamba izinto ezintsha kwaye zizise ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-18-2023
Emva
